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Which of the following scenarios is a clear example of conversion in real estate?

  1. Unauthorized use of funds for personal purchases

  2. Refusing to disclose defects in a property

  3. Mixing personal and business finances

  4. Delaying a sale without valid reason

The correct answer is: Unauthorized use of funds for personal purchases

The scenario depicting unauthorized use of funds for personal purchases exemplifies conversion because it involves taking funds that are meant for a specific purpose—such as client money held in trust—and using them for personal gains. This action violates fiduciary responsibilities and legal obligations to manage and protect client funds appropriately within real estate transactions. The other scenarios, while unethical and potentially illegal, do not specifically align with the definition of conversion. Refusing to disclose defects in a property pertains more to transparency and ethical standards in real estate dealings. Mixing personal and business finances relates to improper financial practices but doesn't directly equate to taking something from another party for personal use. Delaying a sale without a valid reason is more about operational inefficiency or poor customer service rather than misappropriation of funds. Thus, the first scenario distinctly illustrates the act of conversion in the context of real estate.